Case5-May-2017
A breakthrough in science, knowledge and consciousness is beginning to unfold for all human beings. As we pay attention, we begin to experience life through new perceptions of a delicately woven interdependence, cluing us in to larger patterns and expanding our knowledge and awareness of continuous flow and change. As an abc, these larger patterns are helping us to better grow nutritious and delicious food for the world. Simultaneously, this awareness directs us to allow the natural world, our ecosystems to do what they do best: protect and regulate the biosphere.
The case I am making here is that there is a profound essence in the world’s smallholder farmers, fisher folk, pastoralists, and forest dwellers. They are not just food producers, they are frontline custodians of biodiverse landscapes, with them lies the true regenerative power of our societies.
In this, the agricultural biodiversity community (abc) is playing an important role.
There were passionate discussions about the practices in the field, the shifting of the weather systems, droughts or floods in times and ways we have never experienced before. How delayed blossoming has a domino effect on many other factors and dimensions – From markets to production and of course the grave.
Ecological consequences. Solutions? Yes, in some cases, but foremost learning by doing and discovering through innovation and collaboration. And we find that traditional knowledge often carries a tried and proven adaptation potential.
Many indigenous practices are beginning to make more sense than ever – As one indigenous farmer said on the land where his ancestors had been for a thousand years:
‘Cross-breed? No! Leave the seeds alone, Mother Earth will take care of the breeding.’ He opened his hand to show us seeds with a 500-year history.
Most importantly, a larger picture started to emerge from the conversations. We are not only producing food in a climate responsible way, we may in fact be a substantial part of the solution to climate change. With our core values around biodiversity, the community-based approach to food production and the effect that more than two million smallholder farmers, pastoralists, fisher folk and forest farmers can have on our living Earth.
Gurukula Botanical Sanctuary played an important role for the abc to conduct its annual meeting in Wayanad. Their clear ideas on biodiversity, ecosystems, plant life and the biosphere totally matched with this year’s focus on Climate Resilience and Agricultural Biodiversity. They hosted a field trip of a group from the abc on the first conference day.
The early morning air is impregnated with fine mist and cool damp. On the ground, dew drops glisten on blades of grass and many other greens. ‘This is really a refugee camp for plants’, she tells us. We painfully realise once more that humans are driving species into extinction with a speed as never seen before. “If we can arrange their temporary habitat here, then, if we can keep them for 10 years, who knows what can happen next! These plant refugees live on borrowed time.”
The increase of the population, migration from other areas, cultivation of tea, coffee, rice and other crops shifted the balance of the ecosystem in this part of the Western Ghats. The impact on the natural habitat of these rainforests started to accelerate during the eighties of the last century.
It was Wolfgang Theuerkauf [1948–2014], a young German from Berlin living as caretaker of a small piece of land in this wilderness – nearly forty years ago, who noticed the changes in the environment. And he started to take action. His ‘search and rescue’ operation of the ‘last species’ became his ‘calling’. He created the Gurukula Botanical Sanctuary in 1981, with the help of a small group of very dedicated women, local, some indigenous, and sometime later with the commitment of Suprabha Seshan. Gurukula Botanical Sanctuary sees itself as a community of people, animals and plants, in which all living beings are sacred. The focus, however, are the plants. They say: ‘Plants work harder than the mightiest governments on Earth. They give us free food and water.’
Zooming in on the facts, this is what the Gurukula team is really saying: 245 million people depend on the rivers that come from these mountains. And the rivers depend on these forests. And the forests need their plants. Without plants – trees clothed in epiphytes and grasslands at high elevations – monsoon clouds will not release their moisture. Without plants, water will not sink into the land to feed the rivers, sources and aquifers, nor will the local thundershowers form, and so on. Zooming out. The entire planet, the whole Earth works this way, just as in the Western Ghat mountains. Living beings, plants, trees, animals, rivers, the skies above and much more are deeply connected, fine tuned, selfregulated through continuous communication, balancing and protecting all life on Earth.
Songs, tweets and twitter from the many feathered friends, in all sizes, whose songs are often new to me. Crickets take their part in the rain forest orchestra, chirping in unison. The lush growth of ferns, flowers and mosses and many other kinds of vegetation cover the grounds, stones, stairs and walls. ‘Plants manage to grow almost anywhere’, Suprabha tells us: ‘Look at this tiny fern on this flat rock surface, managing to grow. A crack and a bit of moisture.’
not in the intellectual, categorical or ‘plant as object’ sense. Not in the scientific paradigm, but more holistic, as a huge sanctuary, a community of many plant families that continuously exchange energy and communicate. Sharing intelligence about numerous things such as temperature, moisture levels, mineral counts, nitrogen, density of the population, threats, life and death. The plant world is a world-wide community, very much alive, whose role on the planet is not destined to please man, but to balance, manage and protect the biosphere, to create a homeostasis in the dynamics of the ever changing environment.
Disrupting and destroying the plant universe was a grave mistake. Of course, humans need to feed themselves. And yes, the world population has increased tremendously in only two generations.
So intrusion and taking what’s needed from our natural habitat is self-explanatory. Our ancestors knew, as being part of this large ecosystem, how to proceed in collaboration, outweighing the pros & cons, restraining when needed. We can’t go back to the ‘good old times’, but new technologies, innovative thinking and traditional ways can open up a new world. When people moved away from this inclusive awareness of their habitats and began to dominate, domesticate and design large-scale food production systems, the Plant Life on the planet suffered. The Industry and Agroindustry inflicted great wounds and cuts in the global plant network frustrating communication, obstructing recovery of the soils, degrading land into deserts, amputating plants innate ability to regulate and protect the biosphere and with it, good living for all beings.
I strongly believe that Rex Weyler, co-founder of Green Peace made no mistake when he said at a gathering with Earth Keepers – and Organic Farmer(s) – from all around the globe:
‘We are at the eve of a planetary breaking point, a point on no return. When such a shift occurs, systems shut down with catastrophic consequences and there is nothing humans can do to reverse it.’
What we understand of the natural world now, how ecosystems self-regulate, there is a limit to size. The amount of land we can take out of, extract from nature. Too large disrupts the ecosystem, regardless of practice. Ernst F. Schumacher – Small is Beautiful, Economics as if People Mattered – just like Wolfgang Theuerkauf had a deep understanding of the principle of size and scale. Small allows, doesn’t break up, natural systems to do their ‘work’. For the abc says: ‘Small scale farming, at best agriculturally biodiverse, organic or eco-agricultural is the name of the game.’ It allows the natural world, specifically the plants on the planet to stay attuned and connected to protect and safeguard the biosphere.
It is good to emphasise here that Indigenous peoples are a vital part of the solution to restore our sacred relationship with our rapidly changing ecology. Eighty per cent of our last pristine nature here on Earth has been cared for and protected by generations of Indigenous peoples’ knowledge, experience and wisdom. Many times, until this day, under severe attack from extraction policies from nation states and corporations! Always with a strong spiritual connection to the Mother Earth, they take their stance and protect her.
We are standing on an elevated area in the sanctuary looking into the valley below. A whole spectrum of multiple shades of green! In the stillness we sense our feet on the ground, a gentle breeze stroking our face, the sweet smell of flowers. Then, one bird’s song resonates across the valley, filling up the entire space. In that very moment, we all feel the overwhelming beauty and great mystery of this awesome place…
Suprabha pauses, then points to the hundreds of different species of orchids, hanging on moss covered bark sheets, stitched on with tender micro-surgical precision. ‘Rescued from somewhere in the West Ghat Mountains, the last specimen of its kind on Earth, she explains, ‘What we work on is not just the plant, but its entire local habitat – direction, altitude, level of moisture, ‘companion’ tree, soil, pollinators, neighbouring plants, trees, animals and more.’
It’s like a two-fold gaze, seeing a dewdrop on a blade of grass and the whole of Mount Anamudi, at the same time! By recreating that very specific habitat in the sanctuary that we are enabling these plants to live here. Makes sense! Easy? No, forty years of learning through trial and error, learning by doing.
‘We carefully document everything we see and observe.’
‘We often say we are a refuge camp for plants under attack, they kind of live on borrowed time.’
Is this the end game? Must be a frustrating experience! ‘No, not so!’ The amazing thing is that when plants grow back, they are ultimately creative. They’ll find ways, as I showed you before, to root in many places, mosses do this with great ingenuity. In the surge, plants are perfect team members and will climb on each other’s back to further growth. Plants have an enormous regenerative drive, are highly self-organised and regulated. So, the good news is that humans are not only a destructive species. Among all animals, they are uniquely gifted in tending their environment, the gardening species. Degraded areas on the planet can, when there is enough moisture and the right kind of care, restore themselves. The limitless diversity of the plant world is really the key to a balanced biosphere. It can under most circumstances adapt to keep planet Earth relatively stable and cool.
Biodiversity is key, but the real secret lies in the notion of unity. A pattern that connects, an organising principle, an implicit design. But even more! As science is now telling us of the living plant world, the way trees relate and communicate. Through miles of fungi, connecting root systems among plants and trees, through organic matter carried by the winds, pollinators, animals. Through the flow of water, permeating all beings.
Plant world seems to be a working ‘holoversum’. A delicately woven interconnectedness, in which each part reflects the whole as in a hologram. With a collective intelligence, the whole organises all the parts. Just think about what is often described as the butterfly effect; stirring things up in one place may cause a tempest on the other side of the planet. If any comparison at all, this plant web is far beyond and with much greater sophistication than what we call our ‘cyberspace’.
If we would extract, take out some of the major, key parts of our internet environment at this moment, our geopolitical world will tumble into disastrous vortex before the end of the day! Isn’t that what we are doing with our Earth, take out major, key parts of the interconnected natural system, debilitating its functioning?
‘It is a rare fish that knows it swims in the water’, as the saying goes. Not at all at odds with how we are operating in our abc and thus the villages, communities, families of farmers, fisher folks, pastoralists, forest dwellers around the globe where the hand meets the soil, the waters and the trees and animals. Our focus may very well be on ways to sow, grow, harvest, bring to market, supported in the best possible way, but at the same time if we zoom out we are all conspirators, that is, conspirare. We breathe together. ‘Hard-wired’ to learn together in a social context that amazingly much resembles the primordial communities. An ample two hundred years of industrial revolution and a couple of decades of increasing individualism won’t change that.
Indeed, all the people, who are in the fields, forests or on the waters know about the changing climate. How would they not know. It’s their daily experience, for years already, but it’s getting more severe. Harvests shifting, wells drying up, seeds under-performing, overfished seas, weather systems changing, and more. And they are adapting, of course they are, they always have. Do they always have the right solutions? Or the right knowledge?
We can only see patterns when we zoom out and meet others looking for similar solutions. And to be prepared to share the knowledge and experience. The point here is that those who practice agricultural biodiversity, with their choice of small holder farming, a communitybased approach, do more than producing healthy and cost-effective food. They have always been, but more so driven by the challenges of climate change, working for the Earth. Taking care if the soil, variation of species, by living in harmony with their natural environments they are actively supporting the natural world to restore, protect and balance the biosphere. And there are many smallholder farmers, fishermen, pastoralists and forest farmers. Only in our abc, we are related to more than two million people. They are indeed the frontline Custodians of bio-diverse landscapes, and in respect, Healers of the Earth!
On a personal note. My encounters with Nature are often like a shift in awareness. By which I mean a certain state of attention. I live in a forest in the Netherlands with big tall trees, Spruce, Pine, Oak Tree and many more. When I take the thirty-minute walk through the forest to the small railway station I almost immediately feel the presence of the trees. I greet them as family members, naturally, and they greet me back through the wind rustling though the tops, the fragrance, all of that. My indigenous friends understand this, as they communicate similarly and call it the ‘natural way’. When I was in the Western Ghat Mountains last summer I sat quietly in the ‘orchid nursery’ while Suma, one of the eldest in the Gurukula team, was tending the plants. And then I saw it. She was in that state of effortless concentration, relating to and learning from the plant, accessing knowledge, letting it guide her actions. It is this kind of ‘direct knowing’ that we often lack, but which is now more needed than ever. It is a capacity we humans all have and many of the people working on the land will recognise this. Musicians know this, artists know this. We just have to remember that we are all indigenous to this Earth. Through immersion, just by being with nature, this capacity to relate and learn is activated and through use, strengthened.
Maybe we should hear one more time what Wolf-gang Theuerkauf and the Gurukula team say: ‘Plants work harder than the mightiest governments on Earth. They give us free food and water.’